Understanding WiFi Terminologies Follow
Frequency: 2.4 and 5 GHz
Currently there are two widespread wi-fi frequencies being utilzed, 2.4 and 5GHz frequencies. The primary differences between wireless frequencies are the range (coverage) and bandwidth (speed) that the bands provide. The 2.4 GHz band provides the most coverage but transmits data at slower speeds. The 5 GHz band provides less coverage but transmits data at faster speeds. Recently, 6Ghz has been introduced, it is exclusive to the newest WiFi standards and provides the least coverage but transmits data at the fastest speeds of the three frequencies.
Channels or bands will help determine if you're connected to 2.4 GHz or 5GHz wi-fi frequency. Ideally we want you connected to the 5GHz frequency. Channels 1, 6 and 11 are within the 2.4 spectrum, while channels 36, 40, 44 and 48 (and higher) fall under the 5GHz.
Signal Strength
RSSI (Received Signal Strenth Indicator) values will help determine the wi-fi's signal strength. An RSSI value of -50dBm or lower translates to an excellent signal, from -51dBm to 70dBm is good signal, -71dBm up to 80dBm means low signal and upwards of -81 dBm means very low signal to no signal. RSSI values may be affected by your distance from the access point and the strength of the signal coming from the access point.
Signal to Noise Ratio
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is the power ratio between the signal strength and the noise level. This value is represented in decibels (dB). A higher SNR value means that the signal strength is stronger in relation to the noise levels, which allows higher data rates and fewer retransmissions – all of which offers better throughput. Of course the opposite is also true. A lower SNR requires wireless LAN devices to operate at lower data rates, which decreases throughput.
- > 40dB SNR = Excellent signal (5 bars); always associated; lightening fast.
- 25dB to 40dB SNR = Very good signal (3 - 4 bars); always associated; very fast.
- 15dB to 25dB SNR = Low signal (2 bars); always associated; usually fast.
- 10dB - 15dB SNR = Very low signal (1 bar); mostly associated; mostly slow.
- 5dB to 10dB SNR = No signal; not associated; no go.
Lower SNRs are caused by too much interference caused by other wifi sources or appliances emitting radio waves like microwave ovens, cordless phones, bluetooth devices, wireless video cameras, wireless peripherals, PDAs, and cellphones are just a few.
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